Introducing
Intraoperative Hypotension (IOH) Among Non-Emergent Noncardiac Surgical Cases
Now part of the Anesthesia MVP
Approved by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) as a Qualified Clinical Data Registry (QCDR) measure within the MIPS Value Pathway (MVP) reporting program, the Intraoperative Hypotension (IOH) quality measure supports an increasing desire for objective quality measurement and reporting.
Intraoperative Hypotension (IOH)
A quality measure designed to improve patient care & reduce costly readmissions
About the IOH Measure
ePreop, now part of Provation, co-stewarded the IOH measure with the Cleveland Clinic to promote awareness and benchmarking of IOH in non-emergent, noncardiac cases.
The measure seeks to encourage qualified anesthesia providers to maintain an intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) above 65 mmHg in order to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes such as acute kidney and myocardial injury.
Why Participate?
In addition to being easy to participate in, the IOH quality measure:
Download IOH Measure Details
Studies Have Shown Strong Association Between Intraoperative Hypotension (IOH) and Acute Kidney and Myocardial Injury
Intraoperative Hypotension is a common issue among adult noncardiac surgery patients; an estimated 31.3% have experienced a MAP below 65 mmHg for 10 minutes or longer.1 Studies have shown a strong association between IOH and increased risk of acute kidney and myocardial injury — the latter being a common cause of postoperative mortality within 30 days after surgery. 2-4 A recent government report on adverse events in hospitals found that hypotension was the most common harm event related to surgeries and procedures.5 Noncardiac surgery patients are at increased risk of AKI and myocardial injury when their cumulative time below a MAP of 65 mmHg reaches or exceeds 13 minutes. When patients fall further below this threshold, even shorter durations are associated with increased odds.2
1 Â Bijker, J., van Klei, W., Kappen, T., van Wolfswinkel, L., Moons, K., Kalkman, C. (2007). Incidence of Intraoperative Hypotension as a Function of the Chosen Definition. Anesthesiology, 107(2), 213-220.
2 Salmasi, V., Maheshwari, K., Yang, G., Mascha, E.J., Singh, A., Sessler, D.I., & Kurz, A. (2017). Relationship between intraoperative hypotension, defined by either reduction from baseline or absolute thresholds, and acute kidney injury and myocardial injury. Anesthesiology, 126(1), 47-65.
3 Sun, L.Y., Wijeysundera, D.N., Tait, G.A., & Beattie, W.S. (2015). Association of Intraoperative Hypotension with Acute Kidney Injury after Elective Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology, 123(3), 515-523.
4 Walsh, M., Devereaux, P.J., Garg, A.X., Kurz, A., Turan, A., Rodseth, R.N., Cywinski, J., Thabane, L., & Sessler, D.I. (2013). Relationship between Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure and Clinical Outcomes after Noncardiac Surgery. Anesthesiology, 119(3), 507-515.
5 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General. Adverse Events in Hospitals: A quarter of Medicare Patient Experienced Harm in October 2018. (2022).
Findings on IOH in community practice
Northstar Anesthesia and US Anesthesia Partners collaborated to assess the incidence and variation of IOH at 45 facilities in non-emergent noncardiac cases from 2020 and 2021. Using the definition of hypotension from the IOH quality measure, 29% of patients undergoing non-emergent noncardiac surgeries in community anesthesia practices experienced intraoperative hypotension (MAP <65mmHg) for at least 15 minutes, cumulatively. Variation in incidence of intraoperative hypotension across clinicians at community anesthesia practices suggests that IOH is a modifiable risk worth pursuing in quality improvement initiatives.6
6 Â Saasouh W, Christensen AL, Xing F, Chappell D, Lumbley J, Woods B, Mythen M, Dutton RP. Incidence of intraoperative hypotension during non-cardiac surgery in community anesthesia practice: a retrospective observational analysis. Periop Med. 2023;12:29.
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